http://newsblaze.com/story/20080714160749tsop.nb/topstory.html
By Kam Williams
July 14, 2008
Seizing the Time with the Black Panther Founder
Robert George Seale was born on October 22, 1936 in Dallas, Texas
where, from the age of six, he was raised by his father to be a
carpenter-builder and a hunter-fisherman. During WWII, the family
migrated to Northern California where Bobby graduated from Berkeley
High with plans of becoming an architect.
However, those plans were put on hold when he instead enlisted in the
Air Force, serving for almost four years, till being discharged for
insubordination. He then moved to Los Angeles to take a shot at
showbiz as a stand-up comedian and as a jazz musician, before
returning to the Bay Area in 1961.
The next year, while working the night shift, full-time in the
aerospace industry, Bobby attended Merritt College as an Engineering
Design major. It was during this period of his life that he would
meet Huey Newton and develop a passion for grassroots organizing and
progressive politics.
After identifying some pressing needs of black America, the two
decided to create a grass roots community-based organization. On
October 15, 1966, they founded the Black Panthers, outlining the new
political party's 10-Point Platform, and naming Bobby its Chairman,
and Huey its Minister of Defense, after flipping a coin.
The organization membership rolls surged in the wake of the
assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, when most young
African-Americans began to question the wisdom of the late civil
rights leader's philosophy of civil disobedience and passive
resistance. But the government would come down hard on the Panthers,
using the FBI's notorious Counter-Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO)
along with local authorities to discredit, kill, frame, imprison and
otherwise neutralize its members and sympathizers.
Although Bobby would himself spend over two years in jail on a
variety of trumped-up charges, he was ultimately vindicated in every
case. The most famous trial he was ever associated, dubbed the
Chicago 8, began after his arrest along with 7 other activists for
conspiracy and inciting to riot at the Democratic Convention in
Chicago during the Summer of 1968.
The proceedings became something of a shameful spectacle when the
judge had Bobby bound, shackled and gagged in the courtroom for
repeatedly demanding that he be allowed to exercise his
Constitutional right to represent himself. Here, he reflects on the
new animated docudrama about the trial called Chicago 10, and on his
enduring career as an unwavering advocate of the rights of the
disenfranchised and the downtrodden.
KW: Hey, Bobby, it's an honor to speak with you. Thanks for the time.
BS: Thank you, Kam. How do you spell your name?
KW: K-A-M. It's short for Kamau, an African name.
BS: Oh, I see, not C-A-M but K-A-M.
KW: Yeah. So, what did you think of the film, Chicago 10?
BS: Well, it needed my voice.
KW: I take it you would've preferred to do your own voice for the
animation, instead of having Jeffrey Wright do you.
BS: Sure, the director [Brett Morgen] has since admitted to me that
when he heard I was 70 years-old, he didn't even consider me. He
expected that I was going to be an old guy with a shaky voice going,
"Well, you know, back in the day " I said, "No, brother," and got to
reciting strings of historical facts about the Black Panther Party,
and he said, "My God! You run off at the mouth like you're 19!"
KW: I guess it must be strange to hear someone else doing you,
especially since you have such a distinct, and recognizable voice.
BS: Well, it's alright, thought I feel he should have at least made a
better effort to contact me and consult me about the film and about
the history, regardless of how he ultimately made the movie. Plus, I
had produced my own documentary, so I'm aware of a lot of the factors
that go into making a halfway decent movie. I think I could've made a
hellified contribution in terms of the storyline.
KW: I even had a problem with the title. I felt it should be called
The Chicago 8, as the defendants were known collectively, not Chicago 10.
BS: I think it was a bad title, too. It should have been The Chicago
7 or The Chicago 8, preferably, the latter, because that's the
historical reference point for the average person who knows something
about the Sixties. It reminds me how in 1988 I put a bad title on my
own cookbook, calling it just "Barbeque'n with Bobby." Only in small
letters at the bottom did it say "recipes by Bobby Seale." The title
should have been Barbeque'n with Bobby Seale, because 100 million
people know my name. So, that was bad marketing on my part.
KW: Other than the title and not using your voice, what did you think
of Chicago 10?
BS: I thought it was pretty good, for a doc. It could have been about
ten minutes longer to include more about what happened to me when I
was in lockup, because I was in jail the whole time of the trial. The
other seven defendants were out on bail, except for Jerry Rubin for
three weeks.
KW: Why do you think Judge Hoffman had you bound and gagged, and had
your trial separated? Do you think he got an order from above, from
someone like J. Edgar Hoover?
BS: Nah, he just couldn't handle me. He kept trying to say that
William Kunstler was my lawyer. I kept telling him that Kunstler was
not my lawyer. He and I went around and around arguing about that.
KW: Charles Garry was your attorney, right?
BS: Yeah, but Charles Garry was in the hospital recovering from a
gall bladder operation. So, I had made a motion to defend myself at
the beginning of the trial, before the jury had heard even one shred
of evidence, since my lawyer wasn't there. Every time anyone would
mention my name in the courtroom, I would jump up out of my chair and
yell, "I object! I object, because my lawyer, Charles R. Garry, is
not present." He'd order me, "Sit down, Mr. Seale." And I'd respond,
"No, I want the record to reflect that I am objecting, and I am going
to continue to object because you denied me my right to defend
myself." So, he chained, shackled and gagged me for three days, until
finally the press went against him.
KW: Did you behave yourself after the restraints came off?
BS: No. For instance, after the defense attorneys finished
cross-examining an FBI agent on the witness stand, the judge would
say, "Are there any more questions?" I would jump up and say, "Well,
I want cross-examine the witness." And I'd walk over to the lectern
and say, "Looka here, what the hell were you doing following me
around in the first damn place?" I wasn't a learned lawyer, but I but
I was still doing my best to defend myself by asking logical
questions. The judge would interrupt and say, "No, no, no, you don't
have to answer him" And I'd ask, "Why not? Why shouldn't he have to
answer the question? I've been denied the right to defend myself.
Somebody has to answer these pointed questions if I'm going to be
given a fair chance to prove my innocence." At that point, Hoffman
decided to charge me with 16 counts of contempt, and to sever my
trial from that of the others. So, really, he got rid of me because
he couldn't handle me.
KW: Do you think he would have had you bound, gagged and shackled, if
you weren't black?
BS: I don't know. That's hard to say. The fact that I was a Black
Panther, a political revolutionary, had a lot more to do with the
mentality of Judge Julius Hoffman, and his, quote-unquote, putting
Bobby Seale the Black Panther leader down. In other words, J. Edgar
Hoover, the FBI, the right-wing, the prosecution, the Nixon
Administration, etcetera had all declared me and the other defendants
a threat to the internal security of America. The government hated
us. And Hoffman knew this. So, his thinking in gagging me was "I'm
going to gag this Black Panther."
KW: I was fifteen in the 1968, and like the typical black teenager,
the Panthers became my heroes after Martin Luther King was
assassinated. We saw where non-violence and passive resistance would
get a pacifist begging for equality in a racist society.
BS: Before King was killed, my friend Huey was in jail. To that
point, I had only organized about 400 Black Panther Party members up
and down the West Coast, between San Diego and Seattle. There were no
other branches or chapters elsewhere in the country. Alright? Then,
in April, 1968 King is murdered, and by late May, when schools start
letting out, I begin getting a flood of people into the organization,
folks flying from cities all over the nation into Oakland to talk to
me and the central committee about setting up new chapters in their
hometowns. Young black people were reacting to the fact that Dr.
Martin Luther King had been killed. That tragedy enabled my
organization to spread across the country. By November, I had 5,000
members and 49 branches. That's 49 cities that we operated offices of
the Black Panther Party in. We had the Free Breakfast for Children
Program, free Sickle Cell Anemia Testing and Free Preventative
Medical Healthcare Clinics in every last one of them. These programs
organized and unified people on the grassroots level in the black
communities where we operated. And it is a real threat to the power
structure, when you can organize and unify people around something
concrete. Do you see what I'm getting at?
KW: Yeah.
BS: So, here is the Counter-Intelligence Program of the FBI
(COINTELPRO) doing everything it can to distort and stereotype us.
They don't tell you that I was an engineer on the Gemini missile
program, and an architect, and a stand-up comedian. All they said was
that I was a hoodlum and a thug. They never said that Huey Newton had
finished two years of law school by the time that we created the
Black Panthers. They don't say that I was actually employed by the
City of Oakland when we created the Black Panther Party.
KW: Do you think the Panther 10-Point Program is as relevant today as
it was then?
BS: Yes, as profoundly relevant. In fact, Congresswoman Barbara Lee,
who worked with my organization for five years back then, says that
the Black Panther Party's 10-Point Program is just as relevant today
as it was years ago. And we could add some points to this son of a gun.
KW: The big sister of a friend of mine was married to one of the
Panther 21 arrested in NYC in 1969. I remember him telling me they
had all been framed on bogus charges. Did you ever determine exactly
when the FBI began infiltrating the Panthers and to what lengths it
went to bring down the organization?
BS: First of all, let's say it this way. The FBI's
Counter-Intelligence Program would work hand-in-hand with police
departments, literally planning attacks on Black Panther Party
offices throughout the United States of America. They did this over a
period of time. They also used provocateurs, and had agents
infiltrating the organization. And they would issue press releases
every month or so which they would send to politicians and the press
in cities where we were operating. But the most profound thing the
FBI did was being complicit in the murder of Fred Hampton and Mark
Clark in Chicago, working with a special police division. The FBI was
complicit in setting up that operation in December of 1969. A former
FBI Agent named Wesley Swearingen even admitted it in a book
published by South End Press called "FBI Secrets." He also shows how
the FBI was involved in the killings of Black Panthers John Huggins
and Bunchy Carter at UCLA in January of 1969. COINTELPRO was trying
to terrorize us out of existence. They didn't say you're under arrest
on a bullhorn and ask for us to surrender. They just came in
shooting. By the end of '69, every Black Panther Party office in this
country had been attacked.
KW: In 1969, there was also a lot of tension in L.A. between the
Panthers and Ron Karenga's black nationalist organization, US.
BS: It was half generated by COINTELPRO. The FBI admitted it in the
Senate investigation hearings.
KW: Would you say the FBI succeeded in bringing you down?
BS: No, we weathered everything they threw at us. At a certain point,
the U.S. Senate started investigating their attacks on us. When the
FBI couldn't give a good explanation as to why they were attacking
all our offices, the raids finally stopped.
KW: Meanwhile, how were you holding up behind bars?
BS: In the end, I won all my cases. They had to let me out after
holding me for two years in jail without bail. Lots of people think I
went to prison. I never went to prison. I was in jail without bail.
After I won all the cases, they had to release me. And from 1971 to
1974 there were no shootouts. We maintained our programs and ran for
political office. So, the Black Panther Party was not destroyed in
that sense, but our Constitutional, democratic, civil, human, and
life rights had been violated.
KW: What would you have done differently, had you known the
government was going to come down on you like that?
BS: What would I have done differently? I don't know. I've tried to
assess that. You know that racists are going to attack you. When we
started out, we accept the fact that sooner or later they were going
to try to kill us. But we decided not to let that deter us. We chose
to stand on the right to self-defense as best we could. And it just
so happened that they came down on us. Ultimately, 28 of my Black
Panther Party members were killed in various attacks by or shootouts
with the police. And in those confrontations, at least a dozen black
police officers were killed. I still have 10 political prisoners in
jail to this day behind some of those dead cops, when they were just
defending themselves against those policemen. They were convicted of
first-degree murder, but they were really only defending themselves.
I wish I could get amnesty for them, and get my political prisoner
friends out. At any rate, I can't obsess about what I would have done
if I knew they were going to come down on me, because I did kinda
know they were going to come down on us. They were coming down on the
black community in the first place via institutional racism, rampant
police brutality and so on.
KW: What do you think of the New Black Panthers? Their philosophy
strikes me as being totally different from yours.
BS: Thumbs down! They hijacked our name. They do not represent what
we represent. Our program was about all power to all the people. We
had a progressive program a relevant humanistic program a true human
liberation program. I have no time for the so-called New Black
Panthers. We have invited them to three different Black Panther
reunions, and every time they act stupider and stupider. I'm tired of
them and have not time for them. It's gotten to the point where we
believe that their leadership is nothing but government operatives.
They spout stuff that we were not about. The rank-and-file New Black
Panthers probably don't even know this. It's like a COINTELPRO
operation. I think the leadership is working for the government to
spout a bunch of black racist remarks and attitudes, saying they
support Al-Qaeda and that sort of crap. I'm very skeptical. I feel
for the young brothers who don't know this is what's happening. They
should get out of that group. They act so silly and stupid. For
instance, they took that famous picture of me and Huey standing in
front of the original Black Panther Party office, and cut my head off
and replaced it with Brother Khalid Muhammad's. In other words, they
want to hijack our reunions. They're arrogant, and I have no time for
that. So, I told them, "Don't talk to me. And don't try to act bad,
just because you've got some little pistols under your coats there,
because if you jump up in people's faces here, they will defend
themselves." In fact, I said, "Your damn leadership ain't nothing but
a bunch of CIA a-holes." That's what I believe.
KW: Yet, I always see some spokesman for them on Fox.
BS: Fox News never calls up Bobby Seale to articulate a stance in
opposition to right-wing conservatives. To me, giving the New Black
Panthers a platform on Fox is a subtle tactic to scare people. As far
as I'm concerned, any extremist organization whether it's Al-Qaeda,
the Ku Klux Klan, or any other a-holes who indiscriminately murder
and blow-up innocent people, need to be routed out and dealt with. If
they claim to be fighting for human liberation, they're liars,
because when you start killing indiscriminately on that level, you
have totally stepped outside the civility of what human liberation is
all about.
KW: Were you politicized while serving in the Air Force?
BS: Oh, no. I didn't know politics back then. They put me in the
stockade twice. I had been an honor student. But I ran into racism in
the military and didn't know how to handle it. I'd knock a racist
out. So, they put me in the stockade.
KW: So, what would you say politicized you?
BS: The first thing that began to politicize me was Jomo Kenyatta's
"Facing Mount Kenya." I started reading that in the Spring semester
of 1962. From there, I went to hear Martin Luther King speak. In the
early part of '63, I was working on the freedom of Nelson Mandela and
on ending apartheid. Next, I was listening to Malcolm X after he'd
left the Nation of Islam. I was thinking about joining his new
organization, the OAAU, but that never happened, because he wound up
getting assassinated before I had an opportunity. I was steeped in
African-American history and in and out of many different
organizations in the Oakland area. I was a programmatic organizer. I
quit my engineering job after three years to work at the grassroots
level. I wasn't married and had no kids, so I was able to do those things.
KW: What was at the heart of your and Huey Newton's creating the Panthers?
BS: Patrolling the police, the breakfast and job programs were all
political moves, but our overall objective was to organize a mass
membership organization and to evolve a political, electoral,
community unity in the black community. That was my objective.
KW: Do you think the government would have come down as hard on you
if you hadn't exercised your right to bear arms?
BS: Yeah, because they came down hard on peaceful protesters. They
were already shooting, killing, murdering and brutalizing peaceful
protesters, so what's the difference?
KW: How do you think you managed to survive the Sixties when so many
black leaders either ended up dead, in prison or in exile?
BS: I think they thought it was best to put Bobby Seale in jail and
to try to convict him than to kill him, because killing him might
make him a martyr and cause his organization to grow some more.
KW: What do you think of Barack Obama?
BS: I like Obama very much. He's representative of a lot of changes
which are necessary for the country. He might just be another guy who
has been handed the keys by the corporate establishment. But if he
can make it to President and actually use the bully pulpit to become
a driving force for some progressive legislation related to human
liberation, then that's all the better.
KW: How would you describe yourself politically today?
BS: I am still a progressive, political revolutionary. I am a
revolutionary humanist, like I was in the Sixties. Do you understand
what I mean by revolution? Revolution is about the need to re-evolve
political, economic and social justice and power back into the hands
of the people, preferably through legislation and policies that make
human sense. That's what revolution is about. Revolution is not about
shootouts.
KW: The Tasha Smith question: Are you ever afraid?
BS: What do you mean by afraid? I'm too old to be running around
being afraid. I been through a lot of [expletive] in my life. Beat up
choked unconscious by cops, etcetera.
KW: Is there any question no reporter has ever asked you, that you
wished one would?
BS: Yeah, Where's my eldest son?
KW: Where is he?
BS: In Iraq. He just got shipped there on June 19th. He's been in the
Army Reserves from the age of 18 to 30. He was going to leave, but he
agreed to reenlist if they would make him a Military Police Officer,
because that would help him get a higher paying job he wanted as a
security guard with a bio-tech company. And right after that Bush
started that damn, dumb-ass Iraq War. And my son just got shipped to
Iraq for the first time.
KW: Are you able to sleep, or are you always worried now?
BS: Sure, I'm able to sleep. But I got a kid in Iraq, and I just
don't want him to be killed over there. I call him and email him and
tell him I'm behind you and the troops, but not behind Bush. I also
have a son who's a doctor, and a daughter who's 30. She's finished
school and needs to get married. I'm hoping she'll find somebody
really nice soon. But she's got her job, and her principles, and her
independence, which are all important in terms of her personalized liberation.
So, what else do you want ask? How much my income is?
KW: I wasn't planning to but, okay, how much money do you make?
BS: How do you think I survive?
KW: By giving lectures and writing books.
BS: Yep, college lectures. I do about 20 lectures a year. I haven't
written any books for a while, although I have two books in the
works. I've almost finished "The Eighth Defendant." I'm looking for a
top publisher who'll give me a half-million dollar advance for it. I
need a big advance to make my family secure. Are you going to write
include that in the article?
KW: Yep. I'm going to write-up every word of this conversation.
BS: Have you heard about the Spielberg film? He's make a drama call
The Trial of the Chicago 7. Guess who he has playing me?
KW: Jeffrey Wright again?
BS: Nope, Will Smith. And Kevin Spacey will be playing one of the attorneys.
This is going to be a big Hollywood production. So, I need to publish
"The Eighth Defendant." by the time the movie is released.
KW: Bookworm Troy Johnson wants to know, what was the last book you read?
BS: The last book I read, digested and loved was "Shades of Love" by
Leon Higginbotham.
KW: I haven't read that one, but I loved his book "In the Matter of
Color." Do you still live in Philly?
BS: No, man, I'm living in Oakland. I lived in Philly for a while
because my wife was from Philadelphia, and she had a home and
everything there. But we moved back to my home in Oakland, California
four or five years ago. In fact, we really started coming back about
eight years ago when my daughter began studying at San Francisco
State University. She graduated, let me see, about five years ago now.
KW: You can look for this article in a couple of your local papers. I
write for, the Oakland Globe and the Oakland Post.
BS: Paul Cobb's paper.
KW: Yep, the Post is the paper whose editor, Chauncey Bailey, was
murdered on the street about a year ago for writing an expose'. I had
just spoken to him a couple of days before.
BS: Yeah, that was a tragedy.
KW: Well, Bobby, thanks for your lifelong commitment to oppressed
people, and thanks for the great interview.
BS: You're welcome. Thanks a lot.
CHICAGO 10 will have its broadcast premiere on Tuesday, October 22,
at 9 PM ET (Check Local Listings) as the season opener of the
award-winning PBS series Independent Lens, hosted by Terrence Howard.
For more information, visit: http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/about.html
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