Jun 19 2009
Hobart Spalding
The Cuban Revolution has probably been given more attention in the
U.S. mass media than any other revolution to date. This is due to its
longevity, its proximity to the world center of empire, the United
States, and not least to its many achievements. It also reflects the
colorful, dynamic personalities who have led the revolution, the
remarkable spirit and élan of the Cuban people, and, one must say it
too, the violent opposition of its detractors, who waste no
opportunity to attack the whole process. The revolution's 50th
anniversary and recent changes in Cuba have engendered an unusual
crop of materials about the island and its leaders. Works like
Ignacio Ramonet and Fidel Castro's collaboration, My Life: A Spoken
Autobiography (Scribner, 2008), and Steven Soderbergh's recent epic
Che are but two examples.
Hilda Gadea's My Life With Che, while actually a reprint of a 1978
release, falls within these parameters. It offers, however, a
slightly different perspective. Most works on the Cuban Revolution
concentrate on larger political issues, breakthrough moments, and
endless political debates, but this book strikes a more personal,
day-to-day note without ever neglecting the political. It reminds us
of the ties between the political and the personal, which are often
overlooked in writings about famous personages.
Gadea, who became Che Guevara's wife, narrates in the first person. A
Peruvian activist and economist, she chose exile in Guatemala after
the coup in her native country led by General Manuel Odria in 1948.
Guatemala was then the scene of a progressive revolution headed first
by Juan José Arevalo (1945) and after 1951 by Jacobo Arbenz. It had
become home to many exiles fleeing repressive regimes, and Hilda
became a fixture among that group. In this context Che walked into
her life, and the narrative about this fascinating relationship
begins. It becomes at once a tale of courtship and of two people
struggling to make the world a better place.
As in any good story, several subplots run through the text. At the
personal level the book details how their friendship and socializing
grew into something more over time. Hilda broke off the relationship
several times but always succumbed to Che's subsequent advances and
apologies. They married in September 1955 and had a daughter,
Hildita, in February.
A lot of space is given to Che's doting fatherhood (although he
wanted a boy), and several letters to his daughter from faraway
places are included in the text. He continued to visit frequently
after the couple divorced in 1959. The narrative also includes
descriptions of parties, food, and music, as well as accounts of
trips the couple took to ancient Mayan ruins around the country. The
photos included in the book help bring all this to life.
Life among the exile community, mostly in Guatemala but also Mexico,
constitutes another theme. The reader is struck by the deep level of
solidarity that the exiles felt and their willingness not only to
protect each other but to share when often they had very little
themselves. Clothes, a room, a joball became currency within the community.
Almost as in a Dostoyevsky novel, the local, national, and
international police (including the FBI and CIA) are never far away
in this memoir, forcing sudden departures, missed connections, the
jettisoning of incriminating papers and books, and semi-clandestine
lives. Here one is struck by the number of times either or both Hilda
and Che ended up in the hands of the authorities, only to walk free,
sometimes because friends or diplomats intervened on their behalf,
sometimes through bribery. In fact, at one point, U.S. authorities
deported Che from Miami back to Argentina. If they had only known!
The couple read voraciously together, and heated discussions ensued.
Their choices included 19th-century Russian novelists as well as
Marxist standards like Capital or What Is to Be Done? Hilda also
introduced Che to the Chinese Revolution through Mao's writings, and
had events not intervened, the couple might have ended up going there
to see it for themselves. Both, although with some reservations,
expressed interest in the Soviet Revolution as a model. The young
Argentine liked Sartre, read John Reed, and even digested John
Maynard Keynes. The couple also shared many 19th- and 20th-century
Spanish classics. What emerges is a portrait of keen minds, eager to
learn, ready to discuss, and always searching for more.
The two vigorously debated what they read, not only with each other
but at the larger social gatherings that formed a regular part of
their lives. From these discussions there emerges a picture of how
Che's thinking evolved during these years. One central issue in these
debates centered on the role of the United States as an imperialist
power and the need to counteract that power. The couple often
discussed roads to change. Che, more than Hilda, remained convinced
that elections would never provide the answer and that armed
revolution by a small group, fully supported by the people, presented
the only clear path. They thus to one degree or another rejected the
left-leaning social democratic parties of the time (APRA in Peru, the
MNR in Bolivia, AD in Venezuela) as insufficiently anti-imperialist.
While both recognized the importance of working inside their own
countries (Hilda more than Che), they thought that aiding a truly
revolutionary movement in one Latin American country represented the
first advance toward continental liberation.
The U.S.-backed invasion of Guatemala in 1954 proved a milestone. The
couple sat in Guatemala City while the Arbenz government crumbled,
while refusing to arm the people or even take to the hills or jungles
in resistance. Che roundly criticized this as a grave mistake,
stoutly defending the necessity for any government to rely firmly on
the people.
Hilda had introduced Che to Cuban exiles in Guatemala soon after they
met. From them he got to know those in Mexico. Of course, he met both
Fidel and Raúl. They come across as fascinating young
revolutionaries. Although the pages on Che's relationship with the
Castro brothers are few, it becomes obvious why Fidel commanded the
respect, devotion, and undying loyalty of those around him. In the
tide of events, and after some soul searching, Che signed up to go on
the fateful expedition to Cuba in fall 1956. Here some anecdotal
material may be of interest. Fidel originally tried to get two or
three boats for the invasion. He only secured one: the Granma. Since
only so many of the group could go they had to decide who would stay.
In part the decision rested on an individual's body weight, since the
boat could carry only so many pounds.
The final chapters tell the story of Hilda and Hildita waiting for
news from Cuba. She returned to Peru in the meantime but did visit
Che's parents in Argentina. The couple corresponded as best they
could given the circumstances. Mother and daughter left for Cuba in
January 1959 to join Che. He told Hilda that he had met another
woman, and the couple agreed to divorce which they did later that
year. Hilda held several jobs in Cuba, including one at Prensa
Latina, the Cuban state news agency. The 1968 "progressive" military
coup in Peru offered her an opportunity to return to her country,
which she did, and she spent the rest of her life working actively
with left forces there. In 1972 she was in an automobile accident
while visiting Cuba, and during her treatment the doctors found a
cancer that proved fatal two years later. She was buried in the
Pantheon of the Revolutionary Armed Forces in Havana next to Hildita,
who had passed away prematurely, and alongside Che's father, who also
rests there.
This book is more than the story of a woman who became Che's
compañera or of Che's evolution during a key period. Hilda played a
very important role in his formation as a revolutionary, a vocation
he once famously said is "guided by a great feeling of love." Clearly
the two shared a life together, albeit for a short time, a life that
bordered on the ideal for a couple deeply engrossed in the movement.
While revolutions are led by people like Che who stand out, they are
founded in people like Hilda Gadeatireless workers, faithful
compañeros and compañeras, and steadfast supporters of truth and justice.
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