His Campaign for President in 1968 Forced a President From Office
http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/2009-08-28-voa3.cfm
McCarthy's campaign increased popular opposition to the war in Vietnam.
Transcript of radio broadcast:
28 August 2009
VOICE ONE:
I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Barbara Klein with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English.
Today we tell about Eugene McCarthy. His campaign for the presidency
in nineteen sixty-eight increased popular opposition to the war in
Vietnam. And it changed American history.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Eugene McCarthy was a quiet and mentally gifted lawmaker from
Minnesota. As a young man, he was interested in being a religious
worker or a baseball player. Later, he was a college professor. He
wrote poetry. He also became active in Democratic Party politics. In
the nineteen sixties, he was one of the first Democrats in the United
States Congress to oppose the party leadership. He expressed
opposition to the war Americans were fighting in Vietnam. And he
forced a president from office.
VOICE TWO:
Eugene McCarthy was born in nineteen sixteen in the town of Watkins,
Minnesota. His father's parents came from Ireland. His father bought
farm animals and was a storyteller. His mother raised four children.
Eugene completed a study program at Saint John's University in
Collegeville, Minnesota. He continued his education at the University
of Minnesota. There, he completed study programs in economics and sociology.
McCarthy taught social sciences in public high schools for a few
years. Then he taught economics, education and sociology at two
colleges in Minnesota. He married another teacher, Abigail Quigley.
They would later have four children.
VOICE ONE:
During World War Two, Eugene McCarthy worked as a technical aide for
a military intelligence office of the War Department. He became
active in the Democratic Party after the war. In nineteen
forty-eight, he became head of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party of
Ramsey County, Minnesota. That year he was elected to the United
States House of Representatives. He served five terms.
In nineteen fifty-eight, McCarthy defeated a Republican Party senator
and won a seat in the United States Senate. Two years later, he
became famous by speaking at the Democratic Party's national
nominating convention. He nominated Adlai Stevenson for president.
But the Democrats chose John F. Kennedy as their candidate.
In nineteen sixty-four, McCarthy easily won re-election to a second
term in the Senate. He served in the Senate for a total of twelve years.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
In nineteen sixty-seven, opposition to the war the United States was
fighting in Vietnam was growing. It had begun to harm President
Lyndon Johnson's popular and political support. In October, thousands
of demonstrators marched in Washington, D.C. to protest the
increasing conflict.
Eugene McCarthy was a leader of the anti-war movement. McCarthy
announced he would show his opposition to the war and to President
Johnson. He asked Democrats for their support in the party's
presidential primary elections in nineteen sixty-eight. "There is
only one thing to do take it to the country!" he declared.
VOICE ONE:
McCarthy made political campaign stops across the country. He said
the American people were against the war for military, economic,
diplomatic and moral reasons. And he said they wanted a change. He
said: "Party unity is not a sufficient excuse for silence." He also
said: "We do not need presidents who are bigger than the country, but
rather ones who speak for it and support it."
Many young peace activists and college students worked on McCarthy's
presidential campaign. During the nineteen sixties, many students
wore long hair and unusual clothing. But the students who worked for
the McCarthy campaign changed their appearance. They cut their hair
and wore nicer clothing. The media said these students became "Clean
for Gene." His campaign for president was also called a "Children's
Crusade" because of the many young people involved.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
Nineteen sixty-eight was a difficult year for the nation. It was
filled with surprises, tragedy, violence and sadness. The primary
election in New Hampshire was the first step of the presidential
nominating process. McCarthy surprised experts by winning forty-two
percent of the Democratic vote in the New Hampshire primary. That was
just seven percentage points behind President Johnson. The results of
this vote helped the anti-war movement. They showed the deep division
within the Democratic Party.
A few days after McCarthy's success, Senator Robert Kennedy entered
the race for the Democratic nomination for president. Robert Kennedy
was a brother of President John Kennedy, who had been murdered in
nineteen sixty-three. Robert Kennedy had served as the top government
lawyer in his brother's administration. Senator Kennedy also opposed
the Vietnam War. Many people were pleased when he announced his plans
to be a candidate. But McCarthy and his supporters were angry that
Kennedy had entered the race.
VOICE ONE:
On March thirty-first, President Johnson spoke to Americans about the
war in Vietnam and his efforts to limit it. At the end of his speech,
President Johnson surprised the nation. He announced that he would
not seek or accept the nomination of his party for another term as president.
Another shocking event took place a few days later. On April fourth,
the nation's top civil rights leader, the Reverend Martin Luther
King, Junior, was shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee. His death
led to riots in more than one hundred cities.
After the riots, Vice President Hubert Humphrey decided to seek the
presidential nomination. Traditional Democrats supported him.
McCarthy won Democratic primaries in four states. On June fourth, he
lost the important California primary to Senator Kennedy. Then
another tragic event happened. Kennedy was shot and killed in Los
Angeles shortly after giving his victory speech.
VOICE TWO:
In August, Democrats gathered in Chicago, Illinois for their
nominating convention. Thousands of McCarthy supporters and war
protesters also went to Chicago. Rioting and violent clashes broke
out between the protesters and the city's police force. Inside the
meeting place, delegates voted for the party's presidential
candidate. But having forced President Johnson out of office,
McCarthy failed to win the nomination.
The Democrats nominated Humphrey as their candidate to face the
Republican candidate, former Vice President Richard Nixon. Nixon
defeated Humphrey in the election and became president. The war in
Vietnam would continue for seven more years.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
After losing the fight for the nomination, McCarthy did not offer to
help Vice President Humphrey. In fact, he did not express support for
the Democratic candidate until a few days before the election. The
next year he gave up his seat on the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. He separated from his wife of twenty-four years. He also
announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate in nineteen seventy.
After retiring from the Senate, McCarthy moved to Rappahannock
County, Virginia. He lived alone near the Blue Ridge Mountains. He
wrote books, poetry and stories for newspapers.
VOICE TWO:
McCarthy was a candidate for President four other times. But he was
not taken seriously as a candidate. McCarthy became increasingly
critical of the two-party system and traditional politicians, even
Democrats. In nineteen eighty, he supported the Republican candidate,
Ronald Reagan, for president over the Democrat, President Jimmy Carter.
McCarthy remained active until the end of his life. In two thousand
five, he published a collection of stories and poems. It is called
"Parting Shots from My Brittle Bow: Reflections on American Politics and Life."
VOICE ONE:
Eugene McCarthy died in two thousand five in Washington. He was
eighty-nine years old.
A memorial service was held at the Washington National Cathedral.
Hundreds of people came to remember him. Among them were people who
had worked on his campaign as college students. They said McCarthy
had touched their lives with a message of hope. Former
President Bill Clinton was one of the speakers at the service. He
remembered that difficult year of nineteen sixty-eight. He said it
all started when Eugene McCarthy was willing to stand alone and
change history.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
This program was written by Shelley Gollust. It was produced by Caty
Weaver. I'm Barbara Klein.
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for PEOPLE IN AMERICA in
VOA Special English.
.
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